[217], On 26 March, SOCADEF declared a two-week ceasefire to give people time to get tested for coronavirus,[218] a move that was welcomed by the United Nations. [34] Shortly afterwards, French Cameroun's political leadership changed the constitution again, appointed French-speaking Paul Biya as Prime Minister and successor to Ahmadou Ahidjo ostensibly to deny the Speaker of the House of Assembly Salomon Tandeng Muna - an Anglophone the possibility of becoming president by succession. [176] The next day, armed men kidnapped 30 bus passengers passing through Belo, in an apparent case of infighting among local separatist militias. La police lance des gaz lacrym - Duration: 6:52. [22] The talks were held between Sisiku Julius Ayuk Tabe and other imprisoned leaders and representatives of the Cameroonian government. [64] On the last two days of November, five soldiers and five policemen were killed in two separate separatist attacks near Mamfe. Oliver resurfaced in a video a week later, proving that reports of his death were false. [6] In January the same year, the Diocese of Kumbo had been able to document 385 civilian deaths in Kumbo alone within the past seven months. Cameroon’s Anglophone Crisis: How to Get to Talks? [279], Throughout 2017, there were no reports of ADF using violence against civilians. The security forces reacted slowly, but … More than 13,000 Anglophone Cameroonians living in Maryland protested against the Cameroonian government crackdown. [144], The separatists got bolder with enforcing lockdowns. Cameroon claimed to have suffered one dead and one wounded during the battles. Since October 2016, protests and strikes related to sectoral demands have escalated into a crisis over the economic and political marginalisation of Cameroon’s Anglophone minority. Businesses were shut down and motor parks were closed as well. [275], At the end of 2017, the separatists declared a school boycott, and have attacked and burnt down schools that refused to shut down. [26], Following World War I and the Treaty of Versailles, Kamerun was divided between a French and a British League of Nations Mandate. [306], The Anglophone Crisis has become a diplomatic challenge to Cameroon, and has damaged the country's relations with some of its allies. [8] While civilian casualties are hard to determine, in May 2019 they were estimated by independent sources to be around 650 killed, out of a total death toll of 1,850. A week later, separatists – possibly the ADF – raided Penda Mboko, Littoral Region, and injured three gendarmes. [41] The leadership and many members of the SCNC were subsequently arrested. This began to yield visible results in the first half of 2019. [77] They spent 10 months at a gendarme headquarters, before being transferred to a maximum security prison in Yaoundé. [256] Ayuk Tabe listed three conditions for a ceasefire; that it would be announced by President Paul Biya, that the Cameroonian military would pull out of the Anglophone regions, and a general amnesty for separatists. [239] Another person was killed by soldiers in Mbiame. The palm oil and cocoa sectors in Southwest Region had taken a severe blow, with state-owned company Pamol abandoning plantations in some areas. “Anglophone crisis” : 1179 articles. [97] By October 2018, the military and police had lost at least 175 servicemen. The Church should heal its divides so as to be a neutral arbiter that can broker peace. All were eventually released. [281] Owing to the obscure nature of many of the separatist militias (see list), some attacks attributed to separatists may as well be the acts of local criminals. [266] AGovC leader Ayaba Cho Lucas summed up the ADF strategy in the following way: "60% of the GDP of Cameroon is earned in Ambazonia. Bamenda: Suspected Criminal Fire Erases CBC Nkwen Primary School Crise Anglophone. Abiem a Tchoyi identified the causes of the . Cameroonian authorities have admitted that they have little control over the security situation outside the cities. According to Cameroon, seven separatists were killed as the Cameroonian Army overran their base. On 1 March, the trial took a diplomatic twist; a Nigerian court determined that the deportation of the Ambazonian leadership had been unconstitutional, and ordered their return to Nigeria. The NGO suggested that companies make deals with the separatists in order to safeguard their facilities. The ten pioneer Presidents of Regional Councils in Cameroon plus their bureau members are known. His treatment was condemned by his lawyers and by Human Rights Watch. Several months into the war, the IG would reject the idea of an armed struggle, preferring instead a diplomatic campaign and civil disobedience. [21] On 2 July, Cameroonian officials met with the imprisoned leaders of the IG to discuss a ceasefire. [39] In the subsequent trials, Amnesty International and the SCNC found substantive evidence of admissions through torture and force. [214], On 7 March, around 20 separatist fighters carried out attacks on a police station and gendarmerie in Galim, West Region, killing two gendarmes, two police officers and four civilians. With no trace of bullet wounds on any of the bodies, unconfirmed reports alleged the use of chemicals by the soldiers. [272], Both sides have used WhatsApp to spread propaganda. On 27 June, United States Congressman Anthony G. Brown filed a petition with the United States Secretary of State, Rex Tillerson, to call for the government of Cameroon to immediately show concern and solve the ongoing crises. ... CAMEROUN - Violents affrontements à Bamenda - … [163] On 24 April, gunmen burned down the house of the mayor of Fundong. [88] On 25 April, separatists forced the Cameroonian Army to retreat from the town of Belo. [158] On 4 April, separatists imposed a 10-day lockdown on Buea. [67] The Cameroonian Army moved into Manyu, retaking two villages on 7 December[68] and securing Mamfe by 15 December, partly with elite troops. Cameroon: Anglophone crisis: Chaotic situation in Bamenda, capital of the North West Region. [37], SCNC activities were routinely disrupted by police. [271], In August 2018, Minister of Territorial Administration Atanga Nji offered amnesty to separatists who surrender their weapons, saying they would "be received as prodigal sons". Southern Cameroons became part of Cameroon on 1 October 1961 as "West Cameroon", with its own prime minister. [172] On 27 June, John Fru Ndi was kidnapped for the second time in two months. [309] The United States have been particularly vocal in its criticism; In July 2019, following a fact-finding mission by some of its members to the country, the House of Representatives called for a reintroduction of a federal system in Cameroon. The conflict was a sea-based insurgency where the rebels used pirate tactics, attacking ships, abducting sailors and carrying out seaborne raids as far away as Limbe and Douala. The conference issued the "Buea Declaration", which called for constitutional amendments to restore the 1961 federation. [150] As a result of the lockdown, Youth Day celebrations had negligible turnout in Southern Cameroons. According to a declaration of public manifestation addressed to the Divisional Officer of Bamenda II, by the main organiser of the Conference H.E Christian Cardinal Tumi,the conference will hold in July in Bamenda. While member states of the African Union[307] and France[308] have taken either a neutral stance or sided with the Cameroonian government, several European countries and the United States have criticized Cameroon. The military escort came under fire while driving to the ceremony, possibly resulting in casualties. Separatists claimed to have abducted nine or more people who had watched the celebrations on TV. Separatist militias in Northwest Region suffered heavy losses during operations in June, and a source in the Cameroonian military claimed that Cameroon was close to winning the war. [260] With no military victory in sight, the Cameroonian Army has sought to at least contain the conflict to rural areas. This once peaceful and lively city in Cameroon has become a battleground between government forces and rebels demanding an independent state for the central African nation’s English-speaking minority. [28], The United Nations organised a plebiscite in the region on 11 February 1961 which put two alternatives to the people: union with Nigeria or union with Cameroon. "Crise Anglophone: le SNJC demande aux journalistes d'ignorer les injonctions du CNC", camerpost.net, 22 January 2017. [140], 2019 started off with further escalation of the war. At the end of November, the prime minister formed an ad hoc inter-ministerial committee charged with leadin… [6] Although 2019 saw the first known instance of dialogue between Cameroon and the separatists,[17] as well as a state-organized national dialogue and the granting of a special status to the Anglophone regions,[18] the war continued to intensify in late 2019. [169], In June, the separatists announced that they had started producing their own weapons in the warzone. Separatists condemned the blockade and denied having anything to do with it. DeLancey, Mark W., and Mark Dike DeLancey (2000): Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B (1999). [200] The AGovC announced that the airline in question often transported soldiers, and that they thus considered their aircraft to be legitimate targets. A similar protest and crackdown took place at Buea Central Prison a few days later. [204] In their respective New Year speeches on 31 December, President Paul Biya of Cameroon and Samuel Ikome Sako of Ambazonia both promised to intensify the war in 2020. [242] The next day, it was reported that Pidgin journalist Samuel Wazizi, who had been arrested on 3 August 2019 over alleged ties with separatists, had died at a military hospital after being tortured by Cameroonian soldiers. The leaders then refused to be tried by Francophone judges. People were forbidden from moving across sub-division boundaries, and gatherings of four or more people in public were prohibited. Our men aren't familiar with the forest." [21] The talks were referred to as the "Swiss Process" but were only supported by one faction of the independence movement. [237], On 24 May, the Cameroonian military set up a military base in Ngarbuh, with the stated aim of cutting off a separatist supply route from Nigeria. [241], On 1 June, at least five Cameroonian soldiers were killed in a separatist ambush in Otu, Manyu. [94] By the end of May, Cameroon had also retaken Belo, though fighting continued around the town, which was almost completely abandoned by its inhabitants. [246] In mid-June, the Cameroonian Army launched two separate operations that killed a total of 24 separatists over four days; 11 in Mbokam, and 13 in Bali, Batibo and Widikum. [98] Attacks in Buea intensified in July, with one invasion on 1 July,[99] another on 9 July[100] and another on 30 July. [229], On 10 May, separatist fighters assassinated the newly elected mayor of Mamfe, Ashu Priestly Ojong,[230] and hours later the chief of the Babeke Telecentre, Kimi Samson, was murdered as well by suspected separatists. [126] On 22 November, around 40 Ambazonian fighters and unarmed civilians were killed in Bali by government soldiers, who then set their corpses on fire. However, facing mounting international pressure for a global ceasefire, in July 2020 Cameroon began negotiating with these imprisoned leaders. However, the English-speaking peoples of the Southern Cameroons did not believe that they were fairly treated by the French-speaking government of the country. The IG demanded that the Cameroonian government account for the missing inmates, threatening to impose a lockdown encompassing the entire Anglophone regions if it failed to do so. [6], The war has killed approximately 3,000 people[9] and forced more than half a million people to flee their homes. [207] On 6 January, after failing to listen to demands from fellow separatists not to terrorize civilians, separatist commander "General Divine" was assassinated by his own men. [192] As of September 2020, the Cameroonian government was divided on the subject of talks with the separatists, with one camp, including the prime minister, advocating a negotiated end of the war, and the other camp opposing negotiations. [165] On 30 April, government soldiers killed one person and burned at least 10 houses in Kikaikelaiki, Bui. [171] The same month, it was revealed that the government of Cameroon and separatist movements would enter negotiations. The lawyers submitted a draft for a federal state, and the government responded by banning their movements altogether. [215] The next day, an improvised explosive device killed one soldier and injured four soldiers, two police officers and one civilian in Bamenda. [13] This number increased to at least 40,000 people by February. 8 millio. We live in fear and are traumatised by the fighting in Bamenda. Three Cameroonian soldiers were killed in the attack, while the ADF claimed their soldiers managed to return to base unreduced. Briefing: Cameroon's intensifying conflict and what it means for civilians, Cameroon-unfolding catastrophe’ evidence of human rights violations and crimes against humanity, Cameroon’s Anglophone Dialogue: A Work in Progress, ‘Ambazonia War’ drowns SDF 28th Anniversary, Cameroon on Brink of Civil War as English Speakers Recount ‘Unbearable’ Horrors, "Cameroon's Anglophone crisis is threatening to spin out of control", "Deadly clashes between troops, ADF forces leave Nguti on the brink", Picking a Fight: The Rise of Armed Separatists in Cameroon, I Traveled Deep Into Conflict to Bury My Grandfather. [23], Between September 2017 and February 2018, Cameroon claimed to have lost 22 soldiers and policemen in the conflict. "Cameroon: North-West and South-West Crisis Situation Report No. He also condemned anyone engaged in kidnappings of civilians, and promised to fight back against anyone involved in such practices. [265] In March 2019, the ADF announced that it would take the war into the French-speaking parts of Cameroon, defying the IG. [15] Separatists have also been accused of using schools and churches as military barracks;[283] in July 2019, Cameroon accused the separatists of occupying more than 50 schools. [55], The government crackdown on the protests contributed to mainstream separatist movements. [14] Starting as a low-scale insurgency, the conflict spread to most parts of the Anglophone regions within a year. By June, Cameroonian military and police casualties were estimated to be around 500 dead. [147] The next day, large parts of Buea were closed down, while armed clashes took place in Muea and Muyuka. n out of Cameroon’s estimated 20 . Transfer of decision-making centres to Yaoundé, far from the Anglophone [115] This resulted in a very low turnout, as "more than 90 percent of residents" fled violence in some localities; and in many cases no officials showed up to man the polling stations.
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